Transplant Shock: Ten Strategies to Reduce Its Likelihood and Impact
Worst-case scenario, you've got a handful of wilted, discolored plants on your hands. They've likely fallen victim to transplant shock, a common problem that can strike houseplants, perennials, annuals, vegetables, herbs, shrubs, and trees. But don't worry, this guideline will help you reduce the risk of transplant shock and nurse your plants back to health.
What's behind transplant shock?
Transplant shock often rears its ugly head when a plant's roots are disturbed or its environment changes too fast for the plant to cope. This troublesome condition is usually caused by repotting, dividing perennials or houseplants, or any other root disturbance. It can also strike if plants are moved out of a protected environment too quickly, or if they have long tap roots and suffer root damage.
Signs and symptoms to look out for
When a plant's roots are disrupted, it finds it tough to take in nutrients and water, causing the plant to show signs of stress. These may include wilting and drooping, leaf drop, yellowing, browning, sun damage, root rot, and stunted growth. Transplant shock can also make plants more vulnerable to pests and diseases and can sometimes be so severe that recovery isn't possible. However, with a bit of TLC and patience, most shocked plants can bounce back.
Tips to limit transplant shock
1. Direct sow sensitive seedlings
Some plants simply can't handle any root disturbance and will suffer from shock no matter how gently they're handled. These include root vegetables, crops like corn and sunflowers, and some vining plants. To avoid problems, read the seed packet instructions and avoid transplanting crops if they recommend 'Direct Sow Only.'
2. Handle roots with care
Careful handling and keeping root balls intact is key whether you're transplanting seedlings, houseplants, or garden plants. Dig a wide circle around perennial roots before lifting them out of the soil to keep the root ball whole. For potted plants, run a butter knife around the interior of the pot to loosen the soil and free stubborn pots with minimal root damage.
3. Transplant at the right time
The best time to transplant or repot plants is in spring or fall when the weather is cool and the plants are actively growing. Transplanting in winter increases the chances of root rot, while transplanting during hot weather can lead to stress, wilted leaves, and sun scorch. If possible, transplant outdoor plants on cool, cloudy days just before rain is expected, and only transplant indoor-started seedlings when the weather is warm and the danger of frost has passed. Tomatoes are more sensitive to cold than most other crops. They should only be moved outdoors when temperatures are consistently above 55°F.
4. Don't move blooming plants
Flowering takes a lot of energy. Transplanting or repotting plants while they're in bloom increases the chances of shock. Enjoy the flowers while they last, and only transplant your plants when their blooms fade.
5. Prepare planting sites before transplanting
Poor soil that drains too slowly or is laden with rocks, clay, or too much sand can increase the risks of plant stress and shock. Taking the time to work compost, aged manure, worm castings, or other organic matter into garden beds before transplanting makes a world of difference for plants. While you're at it, test the soil to see if you need to add more nutrients.
Remedies for transplant shock
Handling plant roots carefully and watering plants well after repotting and transplanting can minimize the worst symptoms of transplant shock. However, if your plants still look a bit wilted after a few days, follow these tips for a quick recovery:
- Give it time. Most plants recover from transplant shock in a few days to weeks.
- Provide consistent water. Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy to help plants recover faster.
- Remove damaged leaves. Prune away faded leaves to give your plants more energy for fresh growth.
- Add kelp or seaweed fertilizer. Kelp and seaweed fertilizers not only prevent transplant shock, but they can also help shocked plants recover faster.
- Patience is key. With the right care, your plants will soon bounce back, ready to grace your space once again.
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