Personalized vascular models for ideal catheter selection in aneurysm embolization procedures: Two case studies
A recent retrospective case report has highlighted the significant benefits of using three-dimensional (3D), printed, patient-specific vascular hollow models in complex aneurysm coil embolization procedures. These models, customized to the patient's exact vascular anatomy, provide a valuable tool for surgeons, enabling precise preoperative planning, simulating the endovascular approach, and improving procedural accuracy and safety.
Enhanced Anatomical Visualization
The 3D models allow surgeons to better appreciate the aneurysm morphology, size, and relation to adjacent vessels, which is often challenging to fully capture on conventional 2D imaging. This improved understanding of complex vascular configurations helps surgeons anticipate technical challenges such as catheter navigation and coil deployment.
Preoperative Procedural Rehearsal
Physicians can simulate navigation of microcatheters and coil placement within the model, optimizing device selection and technique. This preoperative rehearsal has been shown to facilitate preselection of the optimal catheter, minimizing the need for intraoperative catheter exchange, and reducing the risk of complications.
Reduced Intraoperative Complications
Familiarity with patient-specific anatomy minimizes the risk of coil migration, parent vessel compromise, or incomplete aneurysm occlusion. By simulating the endovascular approach, surgeons can identify potential issues and adjust their strategies accordingly, resulting in a smoother and safer procedure.
Improved Training and Communication
These models serve educational purposes for surgical teams and help explain procedures to patients. By visualizing the aneurysm and surrounding vessels, patients can better understand the nature of their condition and the steps involved in the treatment process.
The case report presented two anatomically complex cases of peripheral aneurysms where preoperative simulations using the developed model were performed to select the optimal catheter shape for successful treatment. In both cases, the actual procedure was completed successfully with no complications, demonstrating the effectiveness of these 3D models in complex aneurysm coil embolization.
The vascular models were printed using a Form 3L 3D printer with flexible, transparent materials, accurately reproducing a wide range of vascular structures. The models were coated with silicone and connected to a sheath in a white box to simulate endovascular procedures without fluoroscopy.
The institutional review board approved the use of vascular models for this retrospective case report, and written informed consent was obtained from the patients for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.
While the search results specifically emphasize the use of 3D-printed models in complex endovascular aortic repair and brain arteriovenous malformation embolization with improved navigation and planning benefits, the principles apply directly to complex aneurysm coil embolization. These models support high-accuracy planning and may combine synergistically with augmented reality and image fusion for enhanced outcomes.
In conclusion, patient-specific 3D printed vascular hollow models enhance complex aneurysm coil embolization by optimizing visualization, procedural planning, and navigation, which collectively improve safety and efficacy in these challenging interventions.
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